How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together

How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together How Authors and Editors Can Work Better Together Reedsy was made to permit free creators to work with probably the best article and plan ability out there, and assemble durable, productive joint efforts. In this visitor post, editorial manager and writer Andrew Lowe clarifies how independently publishing has changed the writer proofreader association into a ground-breaking innovative partnership.Have a glance at this sentence:â€Å"Jim dropped the special necklace into the pack and snared it through his belt.†You could contend that there is a disarray over the article here. Is Jim snaring the special necklace, or the pack, through his belt? The ‘correct’ structure would be something like:â€Å"Jim dropped the special necklace into the pack, which he snared through his belt.†The object disarray has gone; it’s clear that the sack, not the ornament, is being snared through Jim’s belt. It’s in fact right, yet dead on the page. We’ve tweaked the component of the sentence, however ki lled it as a bit of streaming prose.A great proofreader †especially on account of fiction †comprehends that the work is a fragile equalization of craftsmanship and science and that occasionally one must be relinquished for the other.In this model, I would keep the first sentence, contending that the specialized defect is auxiliary to the vibe of the prose.Other editors may go after our preferred mantra: never befuddle the peruser. Yet, it is particular to contend that a peruser, drenched in the more extensive account, would stop to contemplate the ornament/sack question as introduced here.It’s an emotional careful decision which, for me, takes advantage of the most significant quality that creators ought to anticipate from your manager: an energy for cooperation. An enthusiasm for coordinated effort is the most significant quality creators ought to anticipate from their manager @ReedsyHQ At the point when you employ an editorial manager, you are not giving over your valuable dear to be ruined and remolded. You’re paying for an expert eye; a thoughtful partner who will work to a lot of steady standards and help you to make your book comparable to it can be.* * *So, let’s characterize terms.Actually, let’s not. In the event that you Google something like ‘book altering duplicate line structural’ (and you truly shouldn’t) at that point you’ll before long be sucked into a twirl of fluffy definitions and clashing concepts.Like most innovative trains in the advanced age, the various sorts of book altering are ever-changing, for the most part in light of the associated and shared nature of online tools.I was a shopper writer †for the most part at editorial manager level †for a long time, and I comprehend the requirement for explicit distributions to hold fast to set up rules. They face various duplicate streams strea ming in from many journalists to be taken a shot at by a large number of sub-editors. A bound together house style guarantees that the undertaking isn’t fastened to a solitary individual.Traditional book distributing has by and large followed this model, for comparable reasons. It is an industry and must work at modern scale, with several titles having their spot on a trusted and financially savvy creation line. The altering procedure is regularly simply one more pinion in this corporate machine.But the ascent of independently publishing has introduced an open door for the procedure to be progressively cooperative; to fortify the connection among creator and editor.Because independently publishing doesn't mean ‘do it all yourself’.I accept that all the absolute best creatives †even those with a notoriety for being independent auteurs †depend on some type of joint effort to understand their vision. The ‘self’ in independently publishing is p rogressively about self-strengthening. You settle on the choices †including which editorial manager is directly for you. However, a proofreader would now be able to think about the work nearly as much as the writer. The ‘self’ in independently publishing is increasingly about self-strengthening. You settle on the choices. - @andylowe99

Entrepreneurship Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business enterprise Theory - Essay Example 2010, pg 90) Functions/utilizations of hypothesis Theories are utilized for a few purposes. Various specialists and creators from various arrange them and portray them in an unexpected way. Coming up next are the different elements of hypothesis. Dynamic Theories for the most part help pioneers in settling on choices by giving those perspectives from alternate points of view. A manager can think about the perceptions against speculations that they have joined and incorporated, utilizing the experience of others (Hisrich, Robert. 2011, pg 184). An instructive pioneer can utilize his insight into hypotheses when his understanding of the realities of a given circumstance confines him to defeat this by increasing a more extensive point of view and reevaluating the data accessible in the specific circumstance. Anticipating Behavior Using speculations, instructive pioneers can foresee the results of their choices. They can analyze significant hypotheses and thoughts that they have, to know the responses and results they anticipate from specific activities or strategies. For instance, a school head can utilize the hypothesis of arranged conduct to choose if it is beneficial to give proficient advancement to a group of educators battling in the English division. So as to decide if an individual has a goal to include himself in a particular conduct, the hypothesis of arranged conduct thinks about his mentalities and saw capacities (Gasparski et al. 2010, pg 45). Utilizing the perceptions of the teacher’s perspectives and self-adequacy, a chief can know whether the instructors are probably going to adjust the new encouraging practices they take in from the costly preparing (Hisrich, Robert. 2011, pg 130). Authoritative Control Leaders can impart all the more unmistakably and keep up progressively reliable concentration and message utilizing hypotheses as models. They can talk about the targets of their association utilizing unambiguous wordings. Instructive chairm en use hypotheses to shape their own authority and correspondence styles and advantage from the aptitude of others while contrasting themselves. Future Functions Policy creators give concise clarification, proof and answers for a given issue utilizing speculations. Speculations for the most part give goals or models on which to base activities. What's more, when a hypothesis doesn't exist, or it isn't satisfactory to address the issue close by, the models gave by hypothesis helps the analyst in instructive organization by uncovering the required territories of research. Business Entrepreneurship fundamentally includes the undertaking of detecting openings and developing items and administrations. The idea of business enterprise was first settled during the 1700s, and the idea has been advancing. It is for the most part likened with one-individual business. In any case, financial experts trust it is more than that. To certain financial analysts, the business person is an individual w ho starts a business thought, and he is eager to hold up under the danger of executing his thought if there is a chance of making benefits (Baron and Robert.2012, pg 115). An entrepreneur’s job is additionally stressed as a pioneer who advertises his own development. Different financial experts recommend that business visionaries grow new products or procedures that are as of now not being given/provided in the market. In the twentieth century, financial specialist Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) concentrated on how change can be made by the entrepreneur’s drive for advancement and improvement (Gasparski et al.

Thoreaus On Walking

Thoreaus On Walking Im reading Henry David Thoreaus essay On Walking right now. Literally right now between sips of a really excellent cappuccino in a coffee shop that excels in modern barn chic. The baristas look like farm girls. If I said aloud, Farm boy! Fetch me that pitcher! from the movie A Princess Bride, somebody would step to it, and say, We only have cream from grass-fed cows, is that okay? Thoreau would be appalled of course. He was discouraged by the harriedness of the early 19th century. Us moderns with our even greater speed, gadgetry, lack of stillness, and collective Nature deficit would make his Walden-writing pen ache. For every walk is a sort of crusade, Thoreau says in On Walking. Its hard to feel resonance; our only walk today might be from the car door to the coffee shop door, as minutes ago mine was, in the frenzied pursuit of caffeine. How bananas are we? Still. I have started a habit of walking on the cross country trails near my house. It started out as a physician-recommended perimenopausal anxiety reducer, but has become dare I say it? Thoreauian. Walking, I feel part and parcel with Nature as Thoreau said. Nature has a place for the wild clematis as well as for the cabbage, Thoreau said. And it has a place for me, and you. This is the beauty of Thoreaus Nature: we come from it, we belong to it despite our clutching for pour-overs and iPads, we are natural as gazelles. On Walking is changing the way I put one foot in front of the other. A non-fiction essay! Good old Henry David! When people ask me, What have you been doing all morning? because they think Ive been indolent, I say, Walking, and I dont add explanation or excuse because neither do the deer. _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

A Case Of Brown vs Board of Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 590 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Brown v Board of Education Essay Did you like this example? Supreme court cases are rarely considered as only 80 cases will be heard a year with 7000 requests according to The Leadership Conference. One important case that is important due to changing history dramatically was the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case of the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Case Of Brown vs Board of Education" essay for you Create order Brown v. Board of Education was the first case to win race-based segregation as unconstitutional. This case began when Oliver Brown filed a claim after being denied admission to a white school. Browns main argument in this case was that that segregation was depriving important aspects of education to children, especially those of color. During this era, there was different schools under for those of color and whites that was not a violation of the separate but equal clause. Brown appealed to the United State Supreme Court by using case Plessy v. Ferguson as authority. Brown argued that this segregation violated the 14th amendment for those of color. The 14th amendment is simply equal protection of the laws to the citizens of the United States. This being mentioned, even people of color, are to be protected of their rights. The important question was if public school segregation deprive children from equal education? After review, the supreme court finalized their majority opinion tha t it was a violation of the 14th amendment. This case had officially abolished separate but equal slogan. Majority Opinion: The supreme court had decided in favor of Oliver Brown v The Board of Education. The law regarding this issue has been changing throughout time. For instance, before segregation, we had slavery. Slavery was in our history along other laws such as the natural born citizen law. The Naturalization Act of 1970 was that anyone born in the United States are natural born citizens of the United States. Along these lines, this law was not seen as unconstitutional because the law was including the slaved individuals. According to the law of theory, natural law, was not accounted for in the Naturalization Act of 1970. Moralistically speaking, is it correct to grant citizenship for the citizens while not giving them the equal rights as a human being? When the supreme court was taking this case into consideration, they used the theory natural law. Typically, in the past instances such as Plessy v. Ferguson, the theory of   Legal Positivism was used by the courts when determining their majority opinion. As for the Brown v. Board of Education case, the court had used the principles of what is right and what is wrong. They took into account the equality of opportunities that individuals are to be deserving of. A child who is born in the color of a skin out of their control should not be punished or deprived of a public education that those of another skin color receive. The natural law includes that if a law or clause is preventing society from interacting or simply being able to work together, therefore it is unjust. In this case, not being able to receive an education together in a society is unjust.   This leads to other factors such as differences of education that can later affect employment requirements. To begin with, having an education from an institution of colored only would not be sufficient for an employer with a requirement of more adequate education. In other words, this would affect the future employees from working together in a society which disrupts the Natural La w. When the supreme court was deciding, they ensured to encounter present and future implications that may have resulted from different education facilities or institutions.

Roosevelt s The New Deal - 2138 Words

Chapter 24: In the Election of 1932, Roosevelt was elected president. (With the help of his wife throughout all three terms if I might add.) This was following the times of The Great Depression, so he had a big task on his hands. He proposed the New Deal, which brought along plenty of job opportunities for citizens who had lost their jobs during The Great Depression. The New Deal had seemed to promise something to everybody, so Roosevelt’s popularity inevitably improved as the economy improved. â€Å"The New Deal created the Works Progress Administration to give unemployed Americans government-funded jobs on public works projects.† (Roark, 805) This gave millions of people jobs. Of course with anything good, there comes the critics right†¦show more content†¦However, when we saw Britain in trouble, it was hard for Roosevelt to not stay out of things, which angered some Americans. Nonetheless, we granted the Lend-Lease Act, which let us give Britain military sup plies to avoid being invaded by Germany who had already invaded numerous territories including France and Poland. Our supplies boats were being intercepted by the German U-boats, so the war of the Atlantic began. Eventually, Hitler took the U-boats out of the ocean, which let us bring supplies to our allies (now Britain and the Soviet Union) without any interventions. While all of this was happening, America had been turning into a military supplies producing nation, which upped our federal budget tremendously. â€Å"Overall, conversion to war production achieved Roosevelt’s ambitious goal of â€Å"crushing superiority† in military goods.† (Roark, 838) While this was happening, Japan was planning to ensue their takeover over the Asian Empire. When the US cut off ties with them in hopes of them deciding to calm their aggression, they avenged themselves by attacking Pearl Harbor. This led to the declaration of war from America. â€Å"The Japanese scored a stunnin g tactical victory at Pearl Harbor, but in the long run the attack proved a colossal blunder.† (Roark, 832) The Japanese flourished for a while but the battle of Midway was the turning point, putting the Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war. When Roosevelt became deathly ill with heart disease, he let Harry

Machiavellian Macbeth Essay - 1609 Words

While Macbeth exhibits certain Machiavellian characteristics, he does not heed Machiavellis advice regarding rulers who desire to obtain their principalities through crime, and through either the ignorance of, or disregard for, this advice, Macbeth cannot be considered Machiavellian. Hence it should be noted that in taking hold of a state, he who seizes it should examine all the offenses necessary for him to commit, and do them all at a stroke....For injuries must be done all together, so that, being tasted less, they offend less... (Machiavelli 38). This key paragraph of advice is given by Machiavelli to all aspiring rulers who are contemplating the act of obtaining a principality through the use of criminal†¦show more content†¦The string of murders which Macbeth feels the need to perpetuate, from Duncan to Young Siward, follows the pattern that Machiavelli warned would occur with the misuse of cruelty and which Machiavelli wished to prevent. Machiavelli almost explicitly foretells the progress of Macbeths life, saying: Those cruelties are badly used which, though few in the beginning, rather grow with time than are eliminated. Those who observe the first mode can have some remedy for their state with God and with men, as had Agathocles; as for the others it is impossible for them to maintain themselves (Machiavelli 38). This almost directly mirrors the plight that Macbeth faces throughout each day of his cursed life after the murder of King Duncan. The list of people that he feels necessary to kill continues to grow with each passing day. He neglects to predict the members of the list as well as to exterminate the list of people in its entirety with one fatal blow--both of which were suggested by Machiavelli. As a result, Macbeth resorts to witchcraft in order to gain some sense of stability in his life and kingdom. He misunderstands the witches prophecies, and thereby cloaks himself with a misguided sense of security. This leads him to his eventual death at the hands of Macduff, which is parallel to the doom that Machiavelli projects with theShow MoreRelatedIs Macbeth a machiavellian character?1167 Words   |  5 Pagesuse. Have you ever thought about a leader that possessed these qualities that was from a play? Shakespeare s character Macbeth represents the Machiavellian idea that a ruler should appear well in public, be smart and strong, and do what is necessary to hold onto power. Shakespeare used imagery, and metaphors to portray Macbeth this way because, although he dies in the end, Macbeth still used Machiavelli s ideals, and was successful in many ways. Both Machiavelli and Shakespeare knew that it mattersRead MoreEssay Macbeth776 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth, can be compared in many was to a Machiavellian prince. Macbeth’s ambition to be king and his desire for power are the basis of Machiavelli’s ideas, but when examined more closely we find many flaws in Macbeth’s character that Machiavelli warns will be destructive. Although Macbeth has many Machiavellian characteristics, Macbeth’s rise to power without true â€Å"fortune† or â€Å"virtue† leads him to his downfall. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreMachiavelli ´s Principle in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, applies the Machiavellian principles of how princes should properly conduct themselves which is directly applied through Duncan, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and Malcolm. PURPOSE STATMENT Through analytic research, this paper will examine, as well as, compare and contrast the Machiavellian principles to the characters in Macbeth. The focus will include the influence of his principles, how they affect the characters, behaviors, and if they fit the descriptionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare’S Macbeth Remains As A Crucial Play1705 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Macbeth remains as a crucial play in understanding the central concepts that shape modern Western civilization. The novel dramatizes the mental and physical impacts of those pursuing political power. For centuries, medieval and Renaissance civilizations were assured of a harmony between political and religious ideals. Audiences during Shakespeare’s time were familiar with kingdoms that incorporated religious aspects into their political systems. In Scotland and England, theRead MoreMacbeth - Supernatural Theme809 Words   |  4 Pagessupernatural forces in William Shakespeare s, Ma cbeth, provides for much of the play s dramatic tension and the mounting suspense. Several supernatural apparitions throughout the play profoundly affect Macbeth and the evil forces eventually claim Macbeth and destroy his morals. Macbeth s ambition was driven by the prophecies of the three witches and unlike Banquo, he was willing to do anything to assure that they actually transpire. Macbeth is horrified at the notion of killing Duncan, hisRead MoreMichael Attenborough’s Macbeth at the Playhouse by Queensland Theatre Company1199 Words   |  5 Pages QUEENSLAND THEATRE COMPANY’S MACBETH: A CRITICAL REFLECTION Having been much anticipated, Michael Attenborough’s Macbeth was recently shown at the Playhouse by Queensland Theater performed by The Grin and Tonic Theatre Troupe as part of the Arts for all Queenslanders strategy instilled by Newman Government in 2013 (Walker, I. 2014. pg 3). With this in place it’s allowing renowned actors and directors to dazzle Queensland theatregoers with a new waveRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeth by William Shakespeare1258 Words   |  5 Pages The play Macbeth is set around the rise and the fall of the protagonist, Macbeth. The audience perceives that there are a number of culprits that have caused his eventual down fall, such as Lady Macbeth, the three witches and Macbeth himself. We cannot ignore the thought that each of the factors has played a fairly notable role yet only one is truly responsible for setting off the tumultuous cycle of the play. Personally, when thinking over the causes and consequences I have come to a consideredRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies receivedRead MoreCompare the ways Shakespeare presents fear and doubt in Macbeth and Richard III?1222 Words   |  5 Pagesuncertainty are presented in Richard III and Macbeth Macbeth is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare. The play is set in Scotland during the mid  11th century. But, the play was written in 1606 at a time where James I was on the throne. King James was a very superstitious man who believed in magic and witchcraft and these themes were presented in Macbeth to please the King. Also the political context is important as it was included in Macbeth with the ideas of excessive ambition. On theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay2179 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare’s epochal play, Macbeth, centers around the power and manipulation of the main character along with the greed that accompanies it. Macbeth is centralized about vigor overriding inhibitions and the conscious awareness of its characters. The power of the female character in Macbeth is feasibly one of the most intriguing aspects of the entire play. Lady Macbeth acts as the play’s catalyst that aids in Macbeth’s treacherous acts. Through the n efarious actions of Lady Macbeth, she dexterously cajoles

Nonverbal Communication Essay Example For Students

Nonverbal Communication Essay Do you think communication is a No-Brainer? Communication is consistently listed as one of the keys to success in business and life, and just as frequently identified by employees as a key missing link to maximum productivity and job satisfaction. We communicate every day verbally and nonverbal to co-workers, to people on the phone, and to our family. Weve been communicating since the day we were born. Actually, we were communicating before we were born, in our mothers womb. What is communication? Communication is the process of constructing meaning together. We live in a world of meaning, and communication is the process of collaboratively constructing these meanings. We hope in this process, that presenting something to other individuals that we are getting our ideas across precisely. We would hope that through this process the receiver would be able to translate our messages into ideas. Unfortunately there are a lot of barriers to this process. I will be discussing four different topics, verbal nonverbal communication, perception, listening, and self-disclosure. Through the presentation of these topics, I will demonstrate several ways in which we can communicate among ourselves more effectively. There are several different components that make up the whole of nonverbal communication. Kinesics is the movement and positioning of the body and how it is interpreted by a receiver. This includes many of the more obvious nonverbal cues such clapping your hands or a thumb up. Oculesics refers to eye contact and eye positioning during communication. Averting ones eyes is a cue that, depending on context, could show respect, shame, or nervousness. Haptics is the act of physical contact to display an emotion. A punch, a kiss, and a pat on the back all portray meaning without the need for words. Arguably the most important nonverbal cue is paralanguage. Paralanguage is the non-word utterances used in moments of emotion that can occur by themselves or as a particular emphasis on a word or syllable. The importance of nonverbal communication becomes clear with the realization that it constitutes for the preponderance of human communication. It has been estimated that any where between sixty-five and ninety-three percent of the emotional impact of a delivered message originates from nonverbal cues. For example, a statement such as, Im fine, can have a multitude of different meanings depending on its delivery. Added emphasis on fine and a furrowed brow would lead you to believe that the sender is upset while a smile and a slight rise in pitch would indicate that he or she is indeed, ok. Nonverbal communications greatest importance is the fact that it conveys emotional information which would be otherwise concealed. Therefore the large brunt of human emotion is passed on not through what people say, rather by what they do. According to an article published by Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, and Oconnor in The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology facial expressions are recognized universally for their meanings. A smile indicates happiness while a grimace shows displeasure. The impact and use of facial expressions however, is culture bound. This becomes clear when comparing high context cultures of the far-east with the low context cultures of the western world. In china facial expressions are used far less and hold less impact than they do in America. The emphasis in communication within the Chinese culture lies primarily within the context of the spoken message itself. These differences can lead to misinterpretations between cultures. A Chinese man would have a much harder time reading the nonverbal signals of an American than he would a fellow Chinese. Nonverbal communication is all around us. The majority of all the information we receive is subject to some sort of nonverbal cue. This strengthens our ability to communicate by allowing us insight into our fellow man. It is this insight and this understanding of one another that has allowed us to come as far as we have. While linguistics are an essential part of the communication process, when its broken down actions really do speak louder than words. Warren G Harding EssayAdler, R.B. ; Towne, N. (1999). Looking Out/ Looking In: Interpersonal Communication. 9th Ed. San Francisco: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Shaver, P. , Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., ; OConnor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and .

Dylan Thomas - And Death Shall Have No Dominion Essays -

Dylan Thomas - And Death Shall Have No Dominion The Author and His Times When, in 1939, W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood set sail for the United States, the so-called 'All the fun' age ended. Auden's generation of poets' expectations came to nothing after the end of the Spanish Civil War, and they, disillusioned, left the European continent for good. In the late 1930s the school of Surrealism reached England, and Dylan Thomas was one of the few British authors of the time who were followers of this new trend in the arts. He shared the Surrealist interest in the great abstracts of Love and Death, and composed most of his work according to the rules of Surrealism. His first two volumes, Eighteen Poems and Twenty-five Poems were published in the middle of the decade and of this short surrealistic era as well. Dylan Thomas was declared the Shelley of the 20th century as his poems were the perfect examples of 'new-romanticism' with their 'violent natural imagery, sexual and Christian symbolism and emotional subject matter expressed in a singing rhythmical verse' (Under Siege - Robert Hewison, 1977.). The aim of 'new-romanticism' was setting poets free from W.H. Auden's demand for 'the strict and adult pen'. In 1933 Dylan Thomas sent two of his poems to London, one of which was an earlier version of his famous poem, And Death Shall Have No Dominion. It was dated April 1933 in Thomas's notebook and was published for the first time in the 18 May 1933 issue of the New English Weekly. After its first publication, the poem was altered several times and got its final form in Twenty-five Poems, even though Thomas was not particularly proud of this work of his, and was not sure about publishing it for a second time. The Poem Immediately in its title, the poem has a reference to the New Testament, which was one of Dylan Thomas's main sources of metaphor. The title (and the refrain of the poem as well), 'And Death Shall Have No Dominion' has been taken from the King James Version of the Scriptures, which, with its flowing language and prose rhythm, has had profound influence on the literature of the past 300 years. 'Knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more; death hath no more dominion over him. For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God. Likewise reckon ye also yourselves dead to be dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord.' Romans 6:9-11 There is another line in the poem, 'Though they sink through the sea they shall rise again;' which resembles a line from the Scripture: 'And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.' Revelation 20:13 The assertive optimism of the poem can also be brought into connection with the traditions of evangelical hymns, which is best reflected in the lines 'Though they go mad they shall be sane, Though they sink through the sea they shall rise again; Though lovers be lost love shall not, And death shall have no dominion.' It seems, that it is this assertive optimism Dylan Thomas is trying to impose on the reader, and, perhaps on himself as well in this poem, maybe in order to keep his sanity. Being one of the least obscure of Dylan Thomas's poetry, it was evident, that of his earlier woks, beside Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night and The Force That through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower, And Death Shall Have No Dominion would catch public imagination quite easily. The thing in this poem that drew the attention of the everyman was the constancy of hope coming from the notion that everything is cyclical: though the individuals perish, 'they shall rise again', and, though particular loves are lost, love itself continues. The tone of this poem is quite sermon-like, and its atmosphere is rather Christian; yet, the central theme in it is not religion, nor the religious beliefs concerning death but the relationship between man and nature. Thomas claims in the second stanza that deliverance from death is not through

The Disney Difference Strategy

The Disney Difference Strategy Disney difference refers to a high class innovative strategy that aims at optimizing the value of contents in markets and other business platforms. It is backed by the relevant strategies that will see the Disney Company reap high profits from selling its literature.  The whole business strategy employs great ideas that are profit oriented.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Disney Difference Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disney Company uses the Disney difference to ensure that its products are unique and of a high quality. The videos and books produced and introduced to the market by Disney Company are highly valued by the buyers due to the employment of the Disney difference. This way the corporate image is enhanced in the market and almost the whole market remains glued to the Disney products. Thus, Disney Company ends up having the largest market share.  The company can charge higher prices on th eir products and their customers will not complain but they will even be willing to purchase more of those items as they are the best in the market. The growth of Disney as a corporate body will be at a high rate due to the huge profits generated from the large market share associated with the company. The uniqueness of the arts brought about by the Disney difference puts them at the top of a very competitive market. Most of their competitors tend to produce normal entertainment items that have nothing new and unique while Disney does all that it can to produce unique items. This ensures that Disney Company does not suffer from the strong competitive forces in the market. Disney remains highly regarded in the market.  The Disney difference strategy is one of the best strategies that if guarded well by the management will see the company rise to greater heights of success. The language barrier is one of the major problems that Disney Company is likely to face as a result of introdu cing the business in China and Russia. As a matter of fact, most of the inhabitants of China and Russia do not speak English while Disney Company produces and sells most of the entertainment items in English language. It will be difficult to convince non English speakers to buy English literature. To counter this challenge, Disney can engage its personnel and some few inhabitants of the two places in translating the videos and books to the native languages of the two places. This way most of the occupants of the two places will understand the literature and purchase it, otherwise the business will hit a snag.  Management is another major challenge that the company is likely to face as a result of introducing business in China and Russia.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The business will have expanded and the managerial team will have to do more work. Hence, the c ompany will be forced to employ more managers to curb this problem. The new managers should be vetted to ensure they are highly skilled and should then be distributed to the new business places with at least an old manager to be their supervisor. It means that Iger views himself as the person who introduced the Disney difference policy that led to a major comeback of the Disney Company to the entertainment sector. Yes, it is part of being a strategic leader as it sets precedence for the junior managers and those to come after him. They will always try to match his shoe and that way they will formulate better policies, evaluate the effectiveness of those policies and see them implemented to the letter. This way the Disney Company will always remain at the top.

Western civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Western civilization - Essay Example This paper seeks to explore the shifts in concepts and ideologies that occurred leading to western civilization. Renaissance illustrates a period of cultural movement and its spread to the rest of Europe whereas Italy is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, which saw the outlook and institutions of the middle ages merge. Therefore, during this period radical change would be experienced at all levels of the society, giving rise to the European civilization, which later transformed to the modern western civilization. The central government within the political organization grew stronger in the wake of the rebirth but at the expense of feudalism. Feudalism was an arrangement in which persons regarded as nobles exercised public power, formerly held by kings since the existing monarchs could not guarantee the safety of their subjects. The notion that those regarded as the wellborn can influence policies and rule over others behind closed doors is still among the western civilization where stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process. Commercial and industrial activities expanded significantly, which introduced new and more efficient products to the society. As a result, capitalism in most city-states replaced most primitive forms of economic organization (Perry et al 293). This is a defining characteristic of the modern western civilization whose commercial activities are based on capitalism. The adoption of capitalism by the earlier civilizations enhanced pre-existing social inequalities, which for instance widened the gap between the rich and poor. At the height of the booming commercial activities, people in the middle-class level of the society increased in number as they amassed wealth, which played a crucial role in the economic and cultural life. In addition, religious reforms were introduced following the fragmentation of unity in

Formal Assignment #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Assignment #4 - Essay Example These changes relate to US demographics, including age, gender and ethnic composition. The changes in the labor market can affect both the native and immigrant populations. This paper discusses changes in the US labor market over the past few decades. The paper assumes that the same changes were in New York since it is part of US. One of the most important changes in New York and U.S. labor market is the increased labor force participation of women (Ricardo, Kristie and Michael 50). The past several decades recorded a steady increase in the number of women participating in the labor market. Since 1999, the labor-force participation rate of these women remained steady. Another important demographic change that is affecting the labor force is the evolution of the population’s age distribution. Over the past several years, age is playing an important role in determining labor force participation in New York as well the U.S. most of the working population belongs to the baby-boom generation (Ricardo, Kristie and Michael 53). These are people born between 1946 and 1964. However, this may have negative effects on the overall labor force participation rate since most of these people are growing older. The effect of age on the national economy may result from a reduction in the labor-force participation rate c aused by aging of the baby-boom generation. Racial and ethnic diversity of the U.S. population is another important demographic change that affects labor force participation. Ethnic diversity may be because of social, economic, or political factors. However, it is clear that this diversity affects the labor market in one way or another. Over the past two decades, there is a significant difference in labor force participation among different races. Between 1980 and 1990, the number of immigrant populations in the US labor market increased. The number of immigrant population employed was also very high. The number grew by about 50 percent during that

Representation of War in the Media

Representation of War in the Media CHAPTER III : CASE STUDIES â€Å"War is fought with the will of the government, competence of the armed forces and the support of the nation† Carl Von Clausewitz There is no doubt that the global reach and immediacy of the new media communications technologies and the ability to shape both national and international public opinion has made media a major player in limited conflicts. Such developments could be expected to significantly impact the way conflict is reported and debated by international community. Given the rapid progress and far reaching advances in communications over recent years, correct engagement with the media acts as a force multiplier for the commander on ground to achieve a more comprehensive success. On the other hand, the incorrect media engagement leads to loss of operational security and makes the task of the military commander much more difficult. The media representation of wars has significantly changed over last years. Previously being just an instrument of coverage and propaganda, now media are considered a competent weapon. The war of real objects is partially being replaced by the war of pictures and sounds, information war[1]. Now we shall examine few significant national and international conflicts, where the media extensively covered these operations by the Armed Forces. Some were a success story while others left much to be desired form the way the Armed Forces engage the media. The Gulf War Control of the media during the Gulf war followed the pattern that was established in the Falklands and refined in Grenada and Panama[2]. The pattern included secrecy in planning, demonisation of the enemy, exploitation of the media to enlist national and international support, and the exclusion of the media during the initial phases of the operation[3]. The resultant news vacuum was filled by official  coverage favourable to the military. Later criticisms were stonewalled. In the Gulf, the media were excluded from the planning stages of the initial deployment and the deliberations leading to the change of war aims from that of the defence of Saudi Arabia to offensive action in Kuwait. The demonisation of Saddam Hussein was used to rally national as well as international support and the media was immediately co-opted into these tasks[4]. The Gulf also demonstrated the familiar pattern of exclusion of the media from the early action, when both the military and the administration were most vulnerable[5]. Before the commencement of the hostilities, USA set up the Joint Information Bureau to handle the media from a base in Dhahran. Journalists were formed into pools or Media Reporting Teams (MRTs).Guidelines were instituted, concurrent with the arrival of the first pool of reporters[6]. Subsequent guidelines gave detailed instructions how the information could be gathered. All interviews could be conducted only in the presence of a military escort, all reports, photos and videos had to be cleared by a security review system before transmission. Beyond these measures, however, the Gulf campaign lent itself to complete media management through absolute control over the means of communication, transport and access. So powerful was this weaponry that there was no need for actual censorship[7]. Censorship was achieved primarily through denial of access and delay in transmission, backed a blanket decision not to allow media access to any event that was a strictly controlled. This was offset by a flow of favourable military sourced information to fill the vacuum created by media restriction. Material ranged from information provided at carefully controlled briefings which bypassed journalists on the spot. The combination of credibility afforded by the briefings and novelty of the new weaponry was enough to satisfy audiences[8]. The realities of war and any real analysis were foregone in favour of a politically  acceptable, sanitised war which showed nothing but success. It was evident too that  the military used the media not only to present its own policies in the best possible light, but to deceive and misinform the Iraqis. Both the administration and the military clearly benefited from this control. CNNs coverage of the 1991 Gulf War, when it became the worlds only instant chronicler of a major conflict, seemed only to confirm the formidable role played by Western news agencies in covering and framing international events. The impact of this kind of media coverage has been dubbed â€Å"the CNN effect,† referring to the widely available round-the-clock broadcasts of the Cable News Network[9]. Indeed, by the mid 1990s, some scholars and certain policymakers had come to the conclusion that CNN in particular was having a measurable impact on the way governments conduct world politics. This proactive engagement of media by the Pentagon ensured that the military remains immune from scrutiny but also garners the voter benefits for the politicians. The only caution is that this form of media containment or partial exclusion can only work for a limited period. If, as in Vietnam; and as may well have happened in the Gulf, such a limited conflict becomes protracted and involves high levels of casualties, then the ascendancy of the military may be challenged and broken as the global media brings to bear the full weight of its capacity for independent news gathering and communications. The 1991 Gulf war was the first televised war of the century wherein pictures of the night sky lit up with firing of weapons. Operation Desert Storm was the most widely and most swiftly reported war in history. In addition to being called the first â€Å"CNN War† this war also marked a turning point for the American’s view of that relationship. US demonstrated will and military potential to influence developing world in consonance of her policies.[10] The world saw the live footage of the 1991 Gulf war. CNN activities during the war were a classic example of the role that civil broadcasts and journalists can play in any future war. Media can be allowed selective access with a view to influencing the international opinion. The media enjoys the support of high technology equipment and access to credible media outlets. The CNN broadcasts provided useful inputs to put into operation diplomatic damage limitation operations to counter the fallout of adverse reports. The examp le at hand is the demonstration of her will and the military potential by the USA in influencing the world opinion, including engaging the media[11]. The first Iraqi war was totally covered by the media and the general opinion was that the media was focussing all their attention on the wars victory and retreating troops. Very few journalists looked after the Arabian people; in fact the Iraqi refugee problem was simply overlooked. In general, the media was very supportive of the American troops in the Persian Gulf. Though the reporting was positive, the coverage did not tell the absolute truth on the battle field. Journalists were more or less welcomed by the battalion commanders. The army was silent to â€Å"embedding† the media, while the Marine Corps was proactive and welcomed media attention. Public satisfaction with press coverage can be largely attributed to the increasing media savvy of the military leadership, who were able to successfully use news coverage to enhance the military’s image and win public support for its operations. General Schwarzkopf was a master at these press briefings. He analyzed the impor tance of the briefings and prepared himself mentally. He decided not to repeat the mistake made in Grenada, where the relations between media and the military had been eroded to an appalling state[12]. Kargil A Water Shed for Indian Media The Kargil conflict was India’s first real war of the information age and it was significant for the impact and the influence of the mass media on the public opinion of both the nation states[13]. During this operation, both the military and the media were interacting for the very first time in the backdrop of the technological advances made in the last two three decades or so. The Kargil news stories and war footage were often telecast live on the TV, while many websites provided in-depth analysis of the war. This conflict became the first live war in South Asia[14]. The Indian Army tried to implement the â€Å"pool† methodology of the Gulf war after consulting some reputed and esteemed media persons. There were daily briefings in Delhi through the operational staff and journalists were allowed to enter the war zone[15]. The site tours were discontinued after some time and media persons got total freedom to move around on their own except where their lives could be in danger. But unlike the Gulf war, there was to be no censoring of media reports and there was to be no deviation from the truth[16]. The military and the media did not indulge in any deliberate disinformation drive. But they effectively exposed Pakistan’s lies and disinformation tactics. The media for once highlighted defence requirements of weaponry and ammunition which otherwise do not get any significance for reporting in the normal sequence of events.[17]. The ‘Kargil War’, also brought into focus the significance of both the print and the electronic media[18]. The nation made a very clever use of the Internet and dedicated an exclusive Website www.vijayinkargil.com to show case the heroics of the Indian Army. Trained PR officers manned chat sites on the web to establish a real time inter face with the youths of the country for possibly the very first time. Television was able to invade the living rooms of the people to shape public opinion. The war received a human face because of the wide scale coverage of the war by the news channels like Aaj Tak, Zee News and NDTV Network. The media both Indian and overseas was predominantly compassionate to the Indian cause, with editorials in newspapers based in the west and other neutral countries observing that our western adversary was in principal answerable for the conflict[19]. Some analysts believe that Indian media, which was both larger in number and more credible, may have acted as a force multiplier for the Indian military operation in Kargil[20] and served as a morale booster. As the fighting intensified, the Pakistani version of events found little backing on the world stage. This helped India gain valuable diplomatic recognition for its position. Media reportage on Kargil converged around a single dramatic image of a nation at war. In the initial phase, news coverage was restrained on the logic of operational security. The Army permitted first media coverage on 15 May 1999. In Jun 1999, travel permits of press personnel were cancelled again quoting compromise of security. The failure of understanding was due to incorrect handling of media by army as well as character and content of reportage. There was a tendency to trivialise and sensationalise news by many sections of media. The semantics of reportage of certain events like return of six tortured bodies, led to a proliferation of exaggerated stories. However, media did not act as the force multiplier throughout. At crucial junctures, the over ecstatic media reported the crucial attack plans of the Indian army on the news in advance. This gave the all important operational intelligence to the adversary. The glaring example of this was the attack on Tiger Hill, where in after capture of Tiger Hill, the captured Pakistani troops revealed that they received the inputs about the Indian Army’s plans through the news channels. Also the telecast at times showed the location of the artillery gun bases, deployment areas and the logistic installations which was then suitably interpreted by the enemy to bring out effective fire on these locations. Mumbai Terrorist Attacks of 26/11 Medias reporting of terrorist activities is fast becoming critical in today’s scenario when no country is left untouched by terrorism. War on terrorism is a test for the Indian media. How much should be broadcast, whether broadcast of terrorist actions amounts to glorifying terrorism and violence and whether it incites people, creates new recruits and gives publicity to terrorists who seek to grab world attention are topics of debate across nations in the post 9/11 world. Similar debates have begun in India, more so after 26/11 Mumbai attacks. The well coordinated terror attack on Mumbai brings about essential lessons, both for the media as well as the Armed forces. The news media with a lack of understanding of where the medium can reach in such a situation, reported the move of National Security Guard (NSG) from Delhi to Mumbai being declared by the Home Minister[21]. There is increasing questioning of the medias conduct in the face of such attacks and more so after the live telecast of the 60 hour long Mumbai attacks. Concerned over the way many aspects of its operations got â€Å"jeopardized† due to live images being broadcast by TV during the 6- hour siege, the National Security Guard (NSG) pressed for restrictions on media coverage wherever its commandos are engaged to combat[22]. The case in point is the way NSGs operations at Nariman House were broadcast live. Questions were raised over the way Havaldar Gajender Singh fell to a terrorists bullet at Nariman House. As per the narration of incidents by an NSG commando â€Å"TV broadcasted our commandoes landing from a helicopter on the roof over Nariman House. By the time our men landed and started taking positions, the terrorists were already waiting for us and opened fire[23]†. In contrast the operations at Oberoi could be conducted more smoothly since TV channels were kept beyond a one-kilometer radius[24]. This zone was put under virtual curfew with no access allowed to television crews. The operations there took the least time, just under 30 hours, as compared to the other two places. As per NSG officials while terrorists holed up inside probably did not have access to live TV images on the second and third day of operations, they still had phones and were probably getting â€Å"instructions† from people watching those live images on TV. The media in turn can question the NSG that was there any spokesman of NSG to guide the media? The media showed what they saw. Can you blame them for showing what was happening? [1] Gulf War Was A Perfect Television War http://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/gulf-war-was-a-perfect-television-war-media-essay.php> [2] Young and Jesser, Loc cit, pp 280-281 [3] Ibid, pp 176 [4] Ibid [5] Ibid, pp189 [6] Ibid [7] Ibid [8] Aradhana Sharma, Journalism in Democracies during times of war: Examining the Role of Indian and US Media, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi 2010 [9]The CNN Effect: Strategic Enabler or Operational Risk? Margaret H. Belknap http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/02autumn/belknap.htm [10] Brig VK Nair,VSM,Retd. War in the Gulf: Lessons For The Third World, Lancer Papers, pp 106. [11] Ibid [12] Vice Admiral J Metcalfe, The Press and the Grenada 1983, Franc Cass Co. Ltd, London pp 168 [13] Operation Vijay 1999 Victory Over Pak Treachery Col J P Singh, Retd News Bharti English 25 Jul 2014 [14] Kargil War –Wikipedia, online http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kargil_war. [15] Kargil War –Wikipedia, online http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kargil_war [16] Ibid. [17] Ibid. [18] Aradhana Sharma, Journalism in Democracies during times of war: Examining the Role of Indian and US Media, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi 2010 [19]Article titled The Significance of the Kargil Crisis pp18-19, RAND Publications http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1450/MR1450.ch2.pdf [20] Ibid [21] Rahul K Bhonsle, Mumbai 26/11- Security Imperatives for the Future, New Delhi Vij Books (India) Pvt Ltd pp 50-51 [22] Media has Blood of NSG Commandoes http://nomadmolouges.blogspot.in/2008/12/media-has-blood-of-nsg-commando.html> [23] Ibid [24] Indian Media And War Maturity Essay http://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/indian-media-and-war-maturity-media-essay.php>

diz ish onli fer yOo babe... :: essays research papers

Alexander Hamilton was a man of vision as well as economic genius. While he was Americas Secretary of Treasury, he wrote three major reports to Congress. These included: Report Relative to a Provision for the Support of Public Credit, The Reports on Public Credit II, and The Report on Manufacturers. His views expressed in these three reports laid the foundation upon which the economic success of modern day America was built. Although many of his policies have since been tweaked modified or re-named, the fundamental ideas he expressed have been consistent throughout. The amazing staying power of Alexander Hamilton's economic policies and the success that they have produced are clearly evident in today's modern economy. One of the most profound things about the visionary economic policies of Hamilton is that they not only solved the immediate problems facing the United States, but they also accounted for many of the challenges that the United States would be forced to contend with in the distant future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When George Washington first appointed Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury, the most pressing issue was the payment of the debt acquired while financing the Revolution. He tackled this issue in his first report to Congress entitled: the Report Relative to a Provision for the Support of Public Credit. ?It is agreed on all hands, that part of the debt that has been contracted abroad, and is denominated the foreign debt, ought to be provided for, according to the precise terms of the contracts relating to it. The discussions, which can arise, therefore, will have reference essentially to the domestic part of it, or that there is not the same unanimity of sentiment on this part, as on the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Secretary has too much deference for the opinions of every part of the community, not to have observed one, which has, more than once, made its appearance in the public prints.... It involves this question, whether discrimination ought not to be made between original holders of public securities, and the present possessors, by purchase. Those who advocate a discrimination are for making full provision for the securities of the former, at their nominal value; but contend, that the latter ought to receive no more than the cost to them, and the interest: And the idea is sometimes suggested of making good the difference to the primitive possessor....   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Secretary, after the most mature reflection on the force of this argument, is induced reject the doctrine it contains.

The First Snowfall

The first snowfall always seems so magical to me. My first glimpse of glittering, white snowflakes brings an external burst of joy. Each tiny snowflake, from a distance, looks exactly the same. But up close, I am able to see each unique pattern these small wonders possess. They shimmer and reflect like tiny little diamonds underneath the glow of the street lamps. Floating ever so gently, down to the not-so-bare ground, a gentle breeze sends the snowflakes into a swirling dance before they resume their journey to the earth. In the distance, I can hear the shrieks and laughter of small children as they relish in pure and innocent wonder, the joys of the first snowfall. I can only imagine them grabbing up handfuls of paper-light snow and throwing it into the air, sticking their warm little tongues out to catch the frostiness of the flakes. I glance to the left of me and notice a cat huddled in the corner of a dimly lit doorway covered in a thin blanket of crystal snow, shivering miserably and letting out pathetic meows as he waits to be let into the warmth of his home. There is a cold kiss of wind against my flushed, red cheeks. And that chilly breeze sends a rushing sound through my bare, cherry-coloured ears. Tiny droplets of water, just moments ago were snowflakes, form on the base of my dark, auburn hair. I exhale sharply and watch as a brief mist forms from my warm breath, mixing with the frigid air. I hear the unmistakable piercing crunch of snow, as my boot hits the blanketed pavement. It is almost impossible to walk silently in the snow. I thoroughly enjoy the first snowfall. I stand outside and marvel at its beauty, as the earth is covered in the brightest, white blanket my eyes have ever perceived. I enjoy kicking up the lightness of the snow before it becomes heavy and hard with the burden of perpetual snowfall. I stand there and let the tiny, diamond like flakes cover me for just a moment, because I know that soon this mesmerizing snowfall will soon transform into a bitter, long, bone-chilling winter.

Doubt, a Play by John Patrick Shanley

Doubt is a drama written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a strict nun who believes that a priest has done something terribly inappropriate to one of the students. The Setting of Doubt The play is set in the Bronx, New York in 1964, and takes place mostly in the offices of a Catholic school. Plot Overview Based upon a few circumstantial details and a lot of intuition, the stern nun, Sister Aloysius Beauvier believes that one of the priests at the St. Nicholas Catholic Church and school has been molesting a 12-year-old boy named Donald Muller, the schools only African-American student. Sister Aloysius recruits a young, naive nun (Sister James) to assist her in monitoring the suspicious yet charismatic Father Flynn. She also addresses her concerns to Donalds mother, who, surprisingly, is not horrified or even shocked by the allegations. (Mrs. Muller is more concerned about her son getting into high school and avoiding a beating from his dad.) The play concludes with a one-on-one confrontation between Sister Aloysius and Father Flynn as she attempts to get the truth out of the priest. The Character Sister Aloysius: What Does She Believe? This nun is a diligent taskmaster who firmly believes that subjects such as art and dance class are a waste of time. (She doesnt think much of history either.) She contends that good teachers are cold and cunning, creating a bit of fear within the hearts of the students. In some ways, Sister Aloysius might fit the stereotype of the angry Catholic school nun who slaps the hands of students with a ruler. However, playwright John Patrick Shanley reveals his true motives in the plays dedication: This play is dedicated to the many orders of Catholic nuns who have devoted their lives to serving others in hospitals, schools, and retirement homes. Though they have been much maligned and ridiculed, who among us has been so generous? In the spirit of the above statement, Sister Aloysius seems so harsh because she ultimately cares about the well-being of the children in her school. She is ever vigilant, as apparent in her discussion with the innocent teacher Sister James; Aloysius seems to know more about the students than the young, naive nun. Eight years before the beginning of the story, Sister Aloysius was responsible for detecting a sexual predator among the priesthood. After she went directly to the monsignor, the abusive priest was removed. (She does not indicate that the priest was arrested.) Now, Sister Aloysius suspects that Father Flynn has made a sexual advance on a 12-year-old boy. She believes that while having a private conversation, Father Flynn gave the boy wine. She doesnt state exactly what she thinks happens next, but the implication is that Father Flynn is a pedophile who must be dealt with immediately. Unfortunately, because she is a woman, she does not have the same level of authority as the priests; so instead of reporting the situation to her superiors (who will probably not listen to her), she reports her suspicions to the boys mother. During the plays finale, Aloysius and Flynn confront one another. She lies, claiming that she has heard about previous incidents from other nuns. In response to her lie/threat, Flynn resigns from the school but obtains a promotion becoming the pastor of a different institution. The Dubious Priest of Doubt The audience learns much about Father Brendan Flynn, yet most of the information is hearsay and conjecture. The early scenes which feature Flynn show him in performance mode. First, he is speaking to his congregation about dealing with a crisis of faith. His second appearance, another monologue, is delivered to the boys on the basketball team he coaches. He gives them instruction about developing a routine on the court and lectures them about their dirty fingernails. Unlike Sister Aloysius, Flynn is moderate in his beliefs about discipline and tradition. For example, Aloysius scorns the idea of secular Christmas songs such as Frosty the Snowman appearing in the churchs pageant; she argues they are about magic and therefore evil. Father Flynn, on the other hand, likes the notion of the church embracing the modern culture so that its leading members can be seen as friends and family, and not just emissaries from Rome. When he is confronted about Donald Muller and the alcohol that was on the boys breath, Father Flynn reluctantly explains that the boy was caught drinking the altar wine. Flynn promised not to punish the boy if no one else found out about the incident and if he promised not to do it again. That answer relieves the naive Sister James, but it does not satisfy Sister Aloysius. During the plays finale, when Sister Aloysius falsely tells him that nuns from other parishes have made incriminating statements, Flynn becomes very emotional. FLYNN: Am I not flesh and blood like you? Or are we just ideas and convictions. I cant say everything. Do you understand? There are things I cant say. Even if you imagine the explanation, Sister, remember there are circumstances beyond your knowledge. Even if you feel certainty, it is an emotion and not a fact. In the spirit of charity, I appeal to you. Some of these phrases, such as There are things I cant say, seem to imply a level of shame and possibly guilt. However, Father Flynn firmly claims, I have not done anything wrong. Ultimately, it is up to the audience to determine guilt or innocence, or whether or not such rulings are even possible, given the sketchy bits of evidence delivered by Shanleys drama. Did Father Flynn Do It? Is Father Flynn a child molester? The audience and readers never know. At its heart, that is the point of John Patrick Shanleys Doubt—the realization that all of our beliefs and convictions are part of a facade we build to protect ourselves. We often choose to believe in things: a persons innocence, a persons guilt, the sanctity of the church, the collective morality of society. However, the playwright argues in his preface, deep down, under the chatter we have come to a place where we know that we dont know...anything. But nobodys willing to say that. One thing seems certain by the end of the play: Father Flynn is concealing something. But who isnt?